Effect of Prematurity on Cord Blood Hemoglobin and Platelet Indices

Sara Subodh Dhanawade, Sunil Kumar Anjaneya, Vijayan Nancy Jeniffer, Divyashree Renugopal Nagarathna

Abstract

Background: Platelet indices play a crucial role as indicators of platelet maturity and function, with potential implications in predicting neonatal morbidity and mortality.

Aim: To assess the effect of prematurity on cord blood hemoglobin and platelet indices.

Materials and Methods: This prospective, observational study was performed on 75 neonates (30 preterm and 45 full-term) who were appropriate for gestational age, over a span of 6 months, through convenient sampling. Cord blood samples were collected from each neonate, and platelet indices were assessed. Data were recorded in Microsoft Excel, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 29.

Results: In preterm neonates, the mean cord hemoglobin level was significantly higher, at 15.9 ± 1.4 g/dL. Conversely, the mean platelet count and plateletcrit were notably lower in preterm neonates, measuring 177.1 ± 87.34 × 103/µL and 0.12 ± 0.05%, respectively. Although the mean platelet volume was higher in preterm neonates, it was not statistically significant. There was a notable increase in the platelet distribution width (PDW) in preterm neonates, with a mean value of 18.5 ± 0.8%. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was observed between platelet count, plateletcrit, and gestational age (GA) as well as birth weight (BW). Conversely, PDW demonstrated a significant negative correlation with GA and BW.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that preterm neonates have reduced platelet count and plateletcrit and high PDW, indicating a state of immaturity. These results emphasize the necessity for tailored care and attention in managing preterm neonates to address their unique hematologic needs.