Prevalence and Risk Factors of Gestational Diabetes in a Metropolitan Setting

Nittaya Yoopakdee, Bandit Chumworathayi

Abstract

Background and Aim: The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in the Metropolitan Health and Wellness Institution (MWI) has not been previously evaluated. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with GDM at MWI.

Materials and Methods: Singleton pregnancies screened for GDM from January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2022, were recruited. Data on demographics, obstetric, antenatal care, GDM risk factors, and GDM diagnosis were retrieved from medical records. The prevalence of GDM and associated risk factors were analyzed using descriptive and logistic regression.

Results: This study included 478 pregnant women. The prevalence of GDM was 30.96%. The majority of GDM cases were diagnosed before 24 weeks of gestation. Significant risk factors for GDM were age ≥ 30 years (adjusted OR [aOR]: 3.224; 95% CI: 2.107–4.923; P = .000), BMI before pregnancy ≥ 25 kg/m2 (aOR: 1.829; 95% CI: 1.172–2.853; P = .008), and history of previous GDM (aOR: 11.337; 95% CI: 1.220–105.351; P = .033).

Conclusion: The prevalence of GDM at MWI was high. More than half of the cases (56.08%) were diagnosed before 24 weeks of gestation. Age ≥ 30 years, BMI before pregnancy ≥ 25 kg/m2, and a history of previous GDM were significant risk factors.