Prevalence and Risk Factors of Postpartum Insomnia and Stress Among Mothers of Hospitalized Preterm Neonates Admitted in NICU

Richa Mishra, Bhim Singh, Geetanjali Kalyan, Praveen Kumar, Snigdha Kumari, Sarita Rawat

Abstract

Background and Aim: Postpartum stress and sleep disturbances significantly affect maternal health, especially among mothers of hospitalized preterm neonates. These mothers face additional challenges, including separation anxiety, neonatal complications, and emotional distress. In this study, the prevalence of postpartum stress and insomnia was evaluated, and associated maternal and obstetric risk factors were identified.

Materials and Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among 98 postnatal mothers of preterm neonates admitted to the NICU of a tertiary hospital in northern India. The mothers were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and Postpartum Insomnia Rating Scale (PIRS- 20) between postpartum days 7 and 10. Sociodemographic, obstetric, and neonatal data were obtained from hospital records and structured interviews. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation, and logistic regression to identify predictors.

Results: Among the 98 participants, 34.7% reported a prevalence of high stress (PSS ≥ 27), and 71.4% experienced severe insomnia (PIRS ≥ 20). Logistic regression revealed that primiparity (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.96; 95% CI: 1.23–7.11; P = .0001), prolonged NICU stay (aOR = 2.51; 95% CI: 1.02–6.16; P = .001), gestational age (95% CI: 2.68–4.49; P = .001), and delivery complications (95% CI: -2.103 to 0.3; P = .007) were significantly associated with high insomnia score.

Conclusion: Nearly one-third of postnatal mothers of hospitalized preterm neonates experience significant stress and sleep disturbances during the early postpartum period. Primiparity, delivery-related complications, prolonged neonatal hospitalization, and joint family systems were identified as key risk factors. Regular screening using validated tools and timely intervention may improve postpartum recovery and bonding.